Not all regulated waste is the same. What sets APHIS waste apart is its origin. Any waste that has traveled to or originated outside of the United States and Canada within the past two years is considered APHIS waste.
The reason for this classification is straightforward but critical. Foreign food products and packaging materials can carry pests, plant diseases, or contaminants that pose risks to U.S. agriculture, ecosystems, and even public health. To prevent these threats, the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has strict rules for how this waste must be handled and disposed of.
What Can Be Considered APHIS Waste?
When most people hear “regulated waste,” they think of hazardous chemicals or medical byproducts. APHIS waste is different because it often looks ordinary which is why it is important to bring attention to what it is. Any item that came into contact with imported food or beverages may be classified as APHIS waste.
This includes:
Packaging materials like wrappers, cartons, and cans.
Utensils, napkins, and disposable tableware that touched foreign food.
Containers or bottles that once held beverages.
A key point to remember: once this material is mixed with regular trash, the entire batch becomes contaminated and must be treated as APHIS waste. This makes careful segregation essential in airports, shipping facilities, and businesses that handle imported products.
How APHIS Waste Must be Managed
Unlike ordinary garbage, APHIS waste cannot simply be placed in a dumpster and hauled away. Regulations require that it be collected and managed by trained professionals to ensure safety and compliance.
The standards include:
Tight, covered, and leak-proof containers to prevent leakage or accidental exposure.
Clearly marked receptacles labeled as regulated waste to avoid confusion with other trash streams.
Final treatment by incineration or sterilization, ensuring that any potential pests, diseases, or contaminants are destroyed before disposal.
These requirements are not optional and are mandatory steps designed to protect agriculture and prevent the accidental introduction of invasive species or pathogens.
Why Professional Disposal Matters
Failing to comply with APHIS regulations can result in severe consequences, including fines, legal penalties, and environmental damage. Businesses that manage imported goods such as airlines, shipping companies, and logistics providers are especially at risk if proper waste practices are not followed.
By working with a trusted waste management provider, organizations gain:
Peace of mind, knowing their operations meet government requirements.
Regulatory compliance with USDA APHIS standards.
Secure, reliable collection and disposal using approved methods.
Reduced liability risks, protecting both brand reputation and the environment.
The Crystal Clean Advantage
At Crystal Clean, we provide a full-service solution for APHIS waste. From supplying compliant containers to transporting waste securely and ensuring final treatment by incineration or sterilization, our trained teams handle every step.
We know that compliance is more than a box to check, it’s about safeguarding agriculture, trade, and communities. By choosing Crystal Clean, businesses gain a partner that combines regulatory expertise with dependable service, helping them focus on operations while staying fully compliant.
Protect your business and community. Trust Crystal Clean for your regulated waste needs.
Managing hazardous waste today requires more than a decade-old checklist. It demands a system built upon safety, sustainability, and reliable partners to give you confidence you’re prepared for your next audit.
Industrial waste management has become more complex, not less. Regulations are evolving and expectations are higher from stakeholders to improve corporate sustainability.
The companies succeeding today treat hazardous waste management as a core part of their operations, and a vital part of what they do to protect their business, their customers, and the environment they live and work in. Companies with proven waste programs don’t scramble when it’s time for the next compliance audit. They rely on trusted systems and proven partners to ensure compliance from cradle-to-grave.
This guide outlines what proper hazardous waste disposal looks like based on real-world operations. Whether you manage a single location or a nationwide footprint, this approach can help reduce risks, improve safety, and support your environmental objectives.
Understanding Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste isn’t mysterious. The EPA has clearly defined specific characteristics that determine if a waste is hazardous and how it must be handled. The EPA classifies waste as hazardous if it exhibits ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.
In manufacturing facilities, hazardous waste shows up as spent solvents from parts cleaning, used oils from equipment maintenance, and chemical byproducts from production processes. Automotive operations generate used antifreeze, used oil, or spent solvents. Each industry creates distinct waste profiles, but the management principles remain consistent.
The EPA’s listed hazardous wastes catalogs hundreds of listed hazardous wastes. Some are hazardous because of the type of operation that creates them (F-list and K-list wastes), some are pure chemical formulations considered hazardous (P-list and U-list wastes) and others become hazardous when they exhibit certain properties (characteristic wastes). Understanding which category your waste falls into determines your regulatory obligations under RCRA. Most facilities generate multiple waste streams, and each stream requires separate handling protocols, distinct storage requirements, and specific disposal methods.
The complexity multiplies when you operate across state lines. While federal RCRA standards provide the baseline, stricter regulations may have been implemented at the state level, such as in California or Connecticut. A waste stream that’s non-hazardous federally might be regulated as hazardous in your state. Operations with multiple facilities can’t assume one approach works everywhere.
The Risks of Improper Hazardous Waste Disposal
Following proper disposal protocols isn’t just regulatory. It’s how you keep your workforce, your community, and your business safe. Improper handling of waste can lead to long-term environmental damage that may take decades to remediate.
The risk of pollution and harm to people and the environment is why CERCLA exists. Agencies regularly inspect facilities, review manifests, and assess disposal practices to reduce risk, protect workers, and keep the environment clean from pollution. Regulatory violations often result in formal notices, corrective actions, and potential legal or financial penalties.
The consequences can be significant, not just for a business, but also for workers, community members, and the local environment. Environmental responsibility is more vital than ever, and having a reliable partner on your side to help you navigate hazardous waste disposal with confidence.
Steps to Properly Dispose of Hazardous Waste
1. IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY WASTE
Accurate waste characterization starts with understanding how each waste stream is generated. Use your knowledge of equipment, chemicals, and processes to determine if your waste is listed by the EPA or exhibits hazardous characteristics. This forms the basis for the initial classification, matching materials against the EPA’s listed wastes and testing characteristic waste streams regularly or whenever any process changes.
Documentation is key in this step. Inspectors expect to see what information supports your classifications. They want to see SDSs, references to specific EPA listings, and test results showing specific characterizations.
2. LABEL AND STORE SAFELY
Storage and labeling requirements exist to prevent safety incidents. For example, containers must be appropriate for the waste type. Certain solvents can degrade plastic and some acids may corrode metal. Using the proper container reduces spill risks and keeps the workplace safe.
Labeling is also a vital step to ensure incompatible wastes are not mixed by accident. Acids and bases can’t share space, and oxidizers need separation from organics. At a minimum, containers should clearly be labeled as hazardous waste with the contents in the container and the accumulation start date.
Accumulation time limits are also important to follow. Large quantity generators have a 90-day storage period, and small quantity generators have a 180-day storage period. Secondary containment options, such as spill pallets or berms, also reduce the risk of spills and it is important to plan for leaks before they happen.
3. CHOOSE A TRUSTED SERVICE PROVIDER
When looking for a service provider, it’s important to find a partner that is reliable, has the proper licenses and documentation processes, and is prepared to support you for compliant cradle-to-grave management of hazardous wastes.
Treatment and disposal methods matter, and a knowledgeable partner can help guide you through waste minimization opportunities and identify alternative disposal methods that improve your environmental operations or reduce your generator status. If you’re operating multiple facilities across different regions, having a partner with a nationwide network offers consistent, reliable service from a single source.
4. TRANSPORT AND DISPOSE RESPONSIBLY
Proper transportation and manifest documentation exist to create a reliable paper trail from waste generation to final disposal. Every party signs, every detail is recorded, and you have written proof of compliant disposal.
Manifests aren’t optional paperwork. They’re required documentation that verifies the process was followed compliantly. Whether using paper or electronic manifests, accuracy and retention are key. Auditors will verify waste codes, signatures, and facility permits.
Final disposal methods vary by waste stream. Incineration, landfilling, and other disposal methods all require facilities with appropriate permits and emissions controls. Modern facilities can neutralize acids, recover base oils from spent lubricants, and destroy PFAS compounds that persist through conventional treatment. When you select partners with sophisticated capabilities, you’re contributing to genuine environmental protection rather than simply avoiding violations.
The Role of Sustainable Waste Management
Industrial waste management is transitioning from disposal-focused to resource recovery approaches. This shift is driven by both environmental and economic benefits that support a circular economy, where waste is reduced, reused, or recycled whenever possible.
Resource recovery turns waste into value. Used oil, for example, can be re-refined into high-quality base oils while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 77% compared to virgin production. Solvents can be distilled for reuse. Antifreeze can be reconstituted. Even some hazardous waste streams can be processed into alternative fuels.
Recovery reduces reliance on landfilling and incineration, which can become a concern due to capacity constraints. Stakeholders are taking notes and businesses that report on ESG performance and GHG emissions can see tangible impacts when implementing waste recovery programs.
Common Environmental Compliance Mistakes to Avoid
Even experienced operations may have gaps in environmental compliance, not due to intent, but rather from overlooked systems and assumptions.
Manifest errors easily top the list as a common violation. Missing signatures or unreturned forms can disrupt your chain of custody and raise flags during inspections. The solution can be simple, using a tracking system and training staff on proper manifest handling to reduce errors. A reliable partner that supports this process can also go a long way in making this process easier.
Mixing waste streams is another mistake that can happen. When non-hazardous waste is mixed with hazardous waste, the entire waste volume must be considered hazardous. Separating waste streams at the point of generation reduces errors and provides more accurate waste classification.
Storage violations are another error that happens when waste accumulation exceeds planned capacity. Storage areas become crowded and containers exceed time limits, especially during high-production periods. If you manage your waste storage process like inventory management, this issue can be easily addressed. Monitor volumes, schedule pickups based on actual generation, and maintain a buffer space for unplanned waste generation.
Unlicensed vendors can be another compliance risk, and a simple practice to have in place is to audit and verify that each vendor you work with has the necessary credentials for managing hazardous waste. Request EPA IDs, DOT licenses, and state permits from any waste service provider before commencing work.
Inadequate employee training may be one more area that leads to issues down the line, such as improper labeling or incorrect waste handling. Having regular training, as required by RCRA, helps employees stay current with all regulations and processes they need to follow. Regular refresher training keeps safety and compliance top of mind for both new and veteran employees.
How Crystal Clean Simplifies Hazardous Waste Removal
Managing hazardous waste comes with a higher expectation of compliance. That’s why having an experienced partner is essential to maintain compliance and minimize risk with a hazardous waste program. At Crystal Clean, we help reduce the burden of proper hazardous waste management by providing comprehensive, compliant, and consolidated service across all your environmental services.
Having a single partner for all waste streams means having a single point of contact, which simplifies scheduling, billing, and service coordination. A nationwide network like Crystal Clean’s means you’ll experience consistent service and compliance across all your facilities. Crystal Clean also monitors regulatory changes at the state and federal levels, keeping your operations ahead of evolving requirements.
Because we operate our own permitted treatment, recovery, and recycling facilities, we provide more options than transportation-only vendors. This means greater flexibility, lower risk, and more sustainable outcomes. Since Crystal Clean has the capabilities to manage waste from pickup to disposal, our team can help centralize waste stream data to make audits and sustainability reporting faster, easier, and more accurate.
And finally, part of hazardous waste management involves having a plan in place for emergency responses in the event of spills. When the unexpected happens, our 24/7 spill response teams are ready. With trained personnel and the right equipment, we provide peace of mind and fast containment when you need it most.
Protect Your Business and the Environment
Proper hazardous waste disposal isn’t just part of a compliance checklist. It’s part of your core operations and a strategic function that reduces risk and protects both the environment and your business. When you handle waste responsibly, you’re simultaneously reducing environmental impact and eliminating the regulatory and financial risks associated with cutting corners.
Your waste management program deserves the same strategic attention you give to other operational functions. The right approach, implemented consistently across your organization, becomes a strategic asset rather than a compliance obligation.
Partner with Crystal Clean today for safe, compliant, and sustainable waste management solutions tailored to your business needs. Contact our team to discuss how we can support your facility’s environmental management objectives.
Keeping facilities safe, compliant, and efficient is no small task. From mills and plants to refineries and construction sites, cleanliness plays a key role in protecting equipment, employees, and productivity. That’s where hydroblasting comes in. This powerful, eco-friendly cleaning method has quickly become a go-to solution for companies that want thorough results without compromising safety or the environment.
What Is Hydroblasting?
At its core, hydroblasting uses nothing more than high-pressure water to remove unwanted buildup. By adjusting pressure and specialized nozzles, trained operators can strip away paint, rust, concrete, or stubborn debris without damaging the underlying surface. Because it relies solely on water, hydroblasting avoids the need for harsh chemicals and reduces the risks associated with abrasive cleaning methods.
A typical process begins with assessing the surface and selecting the right pressure and equipment. Protective barriers may be set up to control runoff, followed by precise water jetting to clean or remove material. Once complete, the area is inspected to ensure everything has been cleared. Finally, any removed materials are responsibly collected and disposed of, keeping operations clean and compliant.
The Equipment Behind the Process
Hydroblasting is powered by pumps capable of producing pressures up to 20,000 PSI. Depending on the project, equipment can range from handheld units to truck-mounted systems for large-scale work. Operators often use hydroblast guns connected to reinforced hoses, allowing them to adjust water pressure and direction with precision. For more complex or confined spaces, automated systems and robotic tools can take over — providing accuracy, consistency, and an added layer of safety by reducing the need for direct worker involvement.
Where Hydroblasting Makes a Difference
Few cleaning methods are as versatile as hydroblasting. Manufacturing facilities use it to clear residue from tanks, piping, and machinery. Construction and infrastructure projects rely on it for surface preparation, ensuring coatings adhere properly and repairs last longer. In some cases, hydroblasting is even used for controlled concrete removal, offering a quieter, dust-free alternative to jackhammers and other mechanical methods.
Because it can reach into small slots, ducts, and tubing, hydroblasting also excels at maintaining critical systems like heat exchangers and condensers. Routine services help prevent buildup that could otherwise reduce efficiency, cause downtime, or shorten equipment life.
Benefits Beyond Clean Surfaces
The advantages of hydroblasting go far beyond spotless equipment. It reduces the need for chemical cleaners, making it better for the environment and safer for employees. By capturing debris and controlling runoff, it also minimizes airborne particles that can harm air quality. And because it’s both fast and precise, hydroblasting helps reduce downtime, allowing operations to return to full capacity more quickly.
Partnering with Crystal Clean
At Crystal Clean, we view hydroblasting not just as a service, but as a way to help our customers protect their people, their assets, and their reputation. Our team combines advanced equipment with deep expertise to deliver results you can count on — whether it’s routine maintenance, surface preparation, or specialized cleaning challenges.
When you choose Crystal Clean, you’re choosing a partner committed to safety, compliance, and environmental responsibility. If you’re curious about how hydroblasting can benefit your facility, our team is here to share insights and create a solution tailored to your needs.
Let’s start the conversation — together, we’ll keep your operations clean, compliant, and running at their best.
When it comes to parts cleaning, not all chemistries are created equal—and the choice between aqueous and solvent-based cleaners can significantly impact your facility’s performance, safety, and compliance. Whether you’re running an automotive shop, manufacturing line, or industrial maintenance operation, understanding the strengths and regulatory considerations of each option is key to choosing the best fit for your operation.
So how do you decide? Let’s break it down.
Aqueous Chemistries: Safe, Sustainable, and Compliance-Friendly
Aqueous cleaners are water-based solutions formulated with detergents and other non-hazardous ingredients. They’re known for being:
Safer for workers – Non-flammable and low toxicity
Easier to manage – Often don’t count toward hazardous waste generator status
Environmentally responsible – Lower VOCs and reduced regulatory risk
Effective for general-purpose cleaning – Especially when combined with heat and agitation
Compliance Advantages
Federal and state regulations make aqueous chemistries especially attractive. Because many aqueous solutions are non-hazardous, used fluid may not require hazardous waste disposal, helping you maintain a lower EPA generator status. That means fewer regulations, lower disposal costs, and simplified recordkeeping.
Aqueous chemistries also typically have lower VOC content, making them a good fit for facilities operating in regions with strict air quality standards, such as California or New York.
Solvent Chemistries: High-Powered Performance with a Compliance Tradeoff
Solvent-based cleaners are hydrocarbon or chlorinated solutions that offer superior degreasing power, making them the go-to choice for:
Removing heavy oils, tars, and carbon
Precision cleaning on metal parts
Applications where quick drying is needed
Cleaning where water could cause corrosion or residue
Compliance Considerations
The downside? Many solvents are classified as hazardous waste after use. This affects your EPA generator status, triggers RCRA regulations, and may increase your disposal and reporting requirements. You’ll also need to follow OSHA standards for flammable materials and local air permits if VOC levels are high.
That said, if your facility is equipped to manage these requirements and needs top-tier cleaning strength, solvents still play a valuable role.
Choosing What’s Right for You
The best chemistry depends on your operational priorities:
If your goal is to reduce waste, lower generator status, and stay ahead of regulations, aqueous solutions are likely your best bet.
If your operation demands maximum cleaning power for high-contamination parts, solvent-based products may be worth the added compliance effort.
Many facilities benefit from a hybrid approach—using aqueous chemistries for general cleaning and solvents for targeted, heavy-duty jobs. Crystal Clean can help assess your needs and recommend the right mix of products and services for your operation.
Crystal Clean Can Help You Make the Switch
Whether you’re considering a switch to aqueous chemistries or looking to optimize your solvent program, Crystal Clean has the expertise, service, and product line to support your goals. We offer:
Safer, high-performance aqueous solutions
Non-chlorinated solvents with improved regulatory profiles
Waste pickup, documentation, and disposal support
Guidance on maintaining or lowering your EPA generator status
Let’s work together to create a cleaning program that fits your facility—and your compliance strategy.
Engines of different makes, models, and applications require very specific coolant technology to operate at peak efficiency. Choosing the correct antifreeze protects metal components from corrosion, prevents freeze-ups in cold weather, stops boil-overs in heat, and extends the overall life of the cooling system.
Antifreeze isn’t one-size-fits-all. Each formulation has unique properties—additive packages, service intervals, and compatibility requirements—that match specific OEM guidelines. Understanding these differences ensures every service is performed correctly and helps avoid costly issues down the road.
Below is an overview of Crystal Clean’s antifreeze solutions and where each is best applied.
Best for: Older passenger cars and light-duty trucks (generally pre-2002) requiring conventional coolant.
Key Benefits: Meets performance requirements of ASTM D3306; prediluted 50/50; phosphate-free inhibitor package; protects all system metals; service life up to 3 years or 50,000 miles.
Where It Fits: Maintains traditional cooling systems with reliable freeze/boil protection while preventing corrosion in aging components.
Best for: Heavy-duty diesel and CNG engines requiring conventional HD coolant with nitrite-based protection.
Key Benefits: Meets performance requirements of ASTM D6210 and D3306; contains SCAs and 1200 ppm nitrite; protects against liner pitting; available in pink or green; up to 3 years/300,000 miles with proper maintenance.
Where It Fits: Proven Nitrite-based chemistry for heavy-duty diesel and compressed natural gas engine colling systems requiring conventionally inhibited HD coolants.
Best for: Mixed fleets requiring nitrite-free OAT extended-life protection.
Key Benefits: Meets performance requirements of ASTM D6210, D3306; pure OAT formula using inhibitor technology free of nitrite, silicate, phosphate; protects against liner pitting; available in yellow or red; up to 600,000 miles/12,000 hours.
Where It Fits: Streamlines inventory for operations servicing both diesel and light-duty engines, extending service intervals without compromising protection.
Best for: Foreign and domestic passenger cars, SUVs, vans, and light trucks requiring extended-life OAT coolant.
Key Benefits: Meets performance requirements of ASTM D3306; pure OAT technology; nitrite-free inhibitor technology; compatible with other OAT coolants; up to 5 years/150,000 miles.
Where It Fits: Provides broad compatibility for modern vehicles, reducing the need to stock multiple specialty coolants while ensuring long-term protection.
Best for: General Motors vehicles requiring GM-licensed DEX-COOL®.
Key Benefits: GM-approved (GWM3420); meets performance requirements of ASTM D3306; 5-year/150,000-mile service life; ready-to-use 50/50; orange in color.
Where It Fits: Ensures OEM compliance and warranty protection for GM vehicles with factory-specified coolant requirements.
Best for: Heavy-duty diesel engines needing nitrite and molybdate-enhanced OAT protection.
Key Benefits: Meets performance requirements of ASTM D6210, D3306; eliminates need for SCAs; protects against liner pitting; up to 600,000 miles/12,000 hours with extender at mid-life.
Where It Fits: Delivers advanced corrosion protection for demanding diesel applications, with added benefits of nitrite and molybdate chemistry, compatible with other HD OAT coolants like CAT ELC
Matching Products to Performance and Profitability
Having the right antifreeze for every application means more than meeting OEM specifications; it streamlines service, reduces the number of SKUs needed on the shelf, and ensures the job is done right the first time.
Crystal Clean supports these needs not only with a complete antifreeze product line but also with closed-loop recycling services that restore used coolant to meet or exceed ASTM and OEM performance standards. This approach helps reduce waste, lower disposal costs, and protect the environment—while keeping your service operations running smoothly and profitably.
In the rugged terrain of the Southwest, there’s no mistaking the hustle of Nick Gonzales. As a Field Supervisor at the Las Vegas industrial services facility, Nick has been a driving force behind some of the most challenging and high-impact environmental projects under Crystal Clean’s Patriot Environmental subsidiary for nearly a decade. Whether he is coordinating a hydroblasting crew, leading a tank cleaning, or operating heavy equipment on a one-thousand-yard excavation site, Nick brings unmatched grit, experience, and leadership to every job.
With over 20 years in the environmental services industry, Nick’s journey began back in 2004 with hands-on field work at companies specializing in environmental response and industrial services. Nearly a decade ago, he brought that experience to Patriot. He continues to stay hands on, reliable, and laser focused. “I love what I do. The time flies because no two days are ever the same,” he says.
A One-Stop Shop in the Field
Nick’s daily routine includes a balance of planning and doing. He walks job sites, coordinates equipment, supports his technicians, and builds quotes alongside the sales team. He is the type of leader who thrives in the thick of the action. “I would not trade this for an office job,” he says with a smile. “I like staying hands on. That is where I belong.”
His ability to adapt to any situation has been key to his success. “You have got to be a one-stop shop,” he explains. “No matter what the job is, we get it done.”
One of his proudest moments came while leading a massive excavation project. As he recalls, “When you finish a job like that, you step back and realize something big was accomplished.”
Empowering Through Leadership and Safety
For Nick, leadership is about listening, preparing, and protecting. He creates an environment where every team member has a voice, especially during safety meetings. “I make sure everyone understands what we are doing, and I encourage people to speak up. When the team feels heard, they stay focused and safe.”
Safety is deeply personal to Nick. “The jobs we do are dangerous. If someone gets hurt, that is on me. I never want to carry that on my conscience. Safety is the most important part of every job we take on.”
He is also a strong believer in cross training. “It is not just about getting the job done. It is about teaching others how to do it the right way and safely. That is how we grow stronger as a team.”
Support, Growth, and Looking Ahead
Nick credits Patriot’s leadership for supporting his success in the field. “If I need equipment, I can get it. If something is going to help us do the job right, the company makes sure we have it. That kind of support means everything.”
As he looks to the future, Nick hopes to see Patriot and Crystal Clean expand its waste and water treatment capabilities. “We have the talent and the tools. The more we grow, the more we can achieve.”
He also offers sound advice to new employees. “Cross train, speak up, and stay alert. We are all here to help one another succeed and stay safe.”
Beyond the Job Site
Outside of work, Nick enjoys riding motorcycles both on and off the track. He also likes to travel when he gets the chance. His favorite places so far have been Ireland and Japan, both offering a change of pace and a break from the day-to-day.
Whether leading a complex mine cleanup or mentoring the next generation of field techs, Nick Gonzales is a steady force at Patriot. He is a leader who gets the job done, builds up his team, and always puts safety first.
Agreement to Serve as a Model for Future Collaborations to Create a National Network of TSDF Partnerships
DURHAM, N.C., Sept. 08, 2025 — 374Water Inc. (NASDAQ: SCWO) (“374Water”), a global leader in organic waste destruction technology and services for the municipal, federal, and industrial markets, today announced a Waste Destruction Services (“WDS”) collaboration agreement focused on PFAS eradication with Crystal Clean, a leading provider of environmental and waste management solutions to commercial, industrial, and government end-markets.
374Water will establish a full-service WDS operation to unlock significant revenue opportunities across municipal, federal, and industrial market verticals. Operations at one of Crystal Clean’s facilities will include its proprietary AirSCWO technology, pre- and post-treatment systems, and ancillary equipment. This agreement will allow 374Water to actively pursue large federal destruction contracts for Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (“AFFF”), granular activated carbon (“GAC”), ion exchange resin (“IEX”), and other PFAS contaminated wastes. 374Water will also pursue large municipal and industrial PFAS waste destruction contracts which are ideal for this facility. In addition, Crystal Clean and 374Water will actively market AirSCWO WDS to existing customers, who approve of the technology, and thereby secure additional waste streams for destruction.
During 2025, 374Water intends to establish its WDS operations focused on PFAS eradication, the WDS operations will initially utilize the AirSCWO 6 system, which has the potential, over time, to generate $3 million to $5 million in annual recurring revenue. 374Water may install a second AirSCWO 6 system in 2026 to meet increased client demand.
In addition, 374Water has begun to build its mobile AirSCWO fleet for onsite WDS for clients who prefer onsite destruction projects and operations. The company intends to build a fleet of mobile AirSCWO systems to meet specific customer needs.
“Crystal Clean is an ideal partner to enable our waste destruction services business to scale rapidly and support growing demand across a wide array of market verticals and waste streams,” said Chris Gannon, CEO of 374Water. “The combination of 374Water’s AirSCWO destruction technology and Crystal Clean’s experience collecting and concentrating PFAS waste streams unlocks significant potential revenue for both companies, including destruction contracts for Federal PFAS-contaminated waste streams. With Crystal Clean’s 25-plus years of experience as a leader in the environmental services market, we believe this partnership will empower us to unlock the massive PFAS waste destruction market.”
“At Crystal Clean, our vision is to protect the Earth’s resources by helping the business world run cleaner,” said Brian Recatto, President & CEO of Crystal Clean. “This partnership strengthens our position as a leader in the safe and effective removal of PFAS from the environment. By hosting 374Water’s super critical water oxidation system at one of our waste treatment facilities, we are bringing together proven PFAS destruction technology with our trusted operations to better support the evolving needs of government and industrial clients. This is a strategic move that builds upon our existing capabilities to concentrate PFAS waste, allowing for safe, efficient, and compliant destruction.”
About Crystal Clean
Crystal Clean provides environmental and industrial services to a wide range of customers including manufacturers, vehicle maintenance businesses, utilities, and government agencies. With a network of more than 120 environmental services branches, industrial service facilities, and waste treatment centers across the continental U.S., Crystal Clean provides tailored solutions that help customers manage their chemical, liquid, and solid waste streams while reducing regulatory burdens.
Crystal Clean’s service offerings include parts cleaning, containerized and bulk waste management, used oil collection and re-refining, vacuum wastewater services, emergency and spill response, industrial and field services, and antifreeze collection, recycling, and product sales.
374Water Inc. (NASDAQ: SCWO) is a global industrial technology and services company providing innovative solutions addressing wastewater treatment and waste management issues within the municipal, federal and industrial markets. 374Water’s AirSCWO technology is designed to efficiently destroy and mineralize a broad spectrum of nonhazardous and hazardous organic wastes, producing safe dischargeable water streams, safe mineral effluent, safe vent gas, and recoverable heat energy. 374Water’s AirSCWO technology has the potential to assist its customers to meet discharge requirements, reduce or eliminate disposal costs, remove bottlenecks, and reduce litigation and other risks. 374Water continues to be a leader in innovative waste treatment solutions, dedicated to creating a greener future and eradicating harmful pollutants. Learn more by visiting www.374water.com.
Cautionary Language on Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements in this communication are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, including statements relating to whether 374Water will be able to unlock revenue from its WDS operations, whether 374Water will be successful in obtaining federal, municipal and industrial waste destruction contracts, the timing for 374Water to launch WDS operations and 374Water’s ability to establish additional WDS operations, 374Water’s ability to scale its operations, demand for 374Water’s solutions, and 374Water’s ability to destroy PFAS at scale, and 374Water’s future prospects and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause 374Water’s actual results, levels of activity, performance, or 374Water’s achievements or those of its industry to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words like “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “consider,” “predict,” “potential,” “feel,” or other comparable terminology. 374Water has based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations, assumptions, estimates, beliefs, and projections. While 374Water believes these expectations, assumptions, estimates, and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which involve factors or circumstances that are beyond the 374Water’s control. These and other important factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in 374Water’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, as well as 374Water’s subsequent filings with the SEC, may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forwardlooking statements herein are made only as of the date they were first issued, and unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, 374Water disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
374Water Investor Relations and Media Contact Chris Tyson Executive Vice President MZ North America Direct: 949-491-8235 SCWO@mzgroup.us www.mzgroup.us
Hoffman Estates, IL — Crystal Clean today announced the launch of the SAFF®10, a compact and versatile addition to its turnkey 4never™ PFAS remediation solution. Designed to meet growing demand for space-efficient, high-performance treatment options, the SAFF®10 delivers powerful remediation capability in a small, sustainable package.
Manufactured by Australian environmental engineering firm EPOC Enviro, the SAFF®10 joins Crystal Clean’s growing portfolio of SAFF® technologies. It is ideally suited for projects with limited site access, intermittent water flow, or lower volume throughput.
Surface Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF®) is a patented, nature-inspired technology that uses air bubbles to separate and remove more than 99% of targeted PFAS compounds. This sustainable process enables treated water to be safely discharged or reused, supporting regulatory compliance and environmental stewardship.
“Every PFAS challenge is unique, and effective remediation requires flexibility,” said Brian Recatto, President & CEO of Crystal Clean. “The SAFF®10 is a compact, go-anywhere system that brings the power of SAFF® technology to smaller or space-limited sites that may not have the needs for a large-scale remediation technology on-site.”
With a footprint just under 8 by 16 feet, the SAFF®10 can be installed in compact areas such as maintenance areas or plant rooms, or mounted on a trailer for rapid deployment. It offers the same trusted SAFF® process for effective PFAS removal, providing a proven and effective solution in a smaller, more flexible format.
The SAFF®10 can process up to 45 gallons per minute and includes both primary and secondary foam fractionation for superior PFAS capture.
It’s an ideal technology for remediating target PFAS contaminants in any number of applications including landfill leachates, groundwater, industrial effluent, mobile and fixed extinguishing system decontamination, spill incident event waters, and more.
Key features of the SAFF®10:
Throughput capacity up to 45 GPM
Modular, skid-based system for flexible deployment
Integrated dosing for enhanced uptake of short chain PFAS
Capable of treating a wide range of water types and PFAS concentrations
Mobile, lightweight, and forklift-moveable
First developed in 2015, SAFF® technology has now successfully treated nearly 400 million gallons of PFAS-impacted water globally. Crystal Clean currently operates a PFAS treatment facility in Michigan and is expanding SAFF® treatment capabilities across multiple U.S. wastewater treatment locations.
Crystal Clean provides environmental and industrial services to manufacturers and other industrial businesses, utilities and governmental entities, and vehicle maintenance businesses. Their service programs include parts cleaning, regulated containerized and bulk waste management, used oil collection and re-refining, wastewater vacuum, emergency and spill response, industrial and field services, and waste antifreeze collection, recycling and product sales. These services help customers manage their used chemicals and liquid and solid wastes, while also helping to minimize their regulatory burdens.
About EPOC Enviro
EPOC Enviro is an award-winning Australian environmental engineering firm. The EPOC acronym stands for ‘Emerging Pollutants of Concern’.
Their mission is to develop and implement clever and practical engineering solutions on a global scale to permanently remove PFAS and other emerging contaminants from the environment.
EPOC Enviro has successfully pioneered separation and concentration of PFAS contaminants from impacted waters into a single step using their patented Surface-Active Foam Fractionation technology. This solution rapidly removes criteria PFAS compounds including long and short chain contaminants, generally down to the limits of reporting. It’s a clean, cost effective and sustainable process.
What is PFAS?
PFAS are a family of synthetic compounds widely used globally to make products that resist heat, oil, stains, grease and water.
PFAS compounds break down very slowly over time and are recognised as an ‘emerging contaminant’ with widespread concerns about their characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and impacts on human health.
What began as a small operation has evolved into a nationwide leader in environmental and industrial services. Crystal Clean’s growth has been driven by innovation, reliability, and a commitment to sustainability. Through continuous expansion and advanced technologies, we have built a strong foundation that supports our three core pillars: Environmental Services, Industrial Services, and Waste Treatment Solutions. Together, these capabilities position Crystal Clean as a trusted partner dedicated to helping businesses operate cleaner, safer, and more responsibly across North America.
Environmental Services
Crystal Clean’s story began with a simple but powerful vision: to protect the earth’s resources by helping the business world run cleaner. Over time, that mission evolved into a wide-reaching network of environmental support designed to keep facilities running safely and efficiently.
Our Environmental Services division has grown into a cornerstone of nationwide operations serving automotive, manufacturing, and industrial partners with expertise that blends convenience, safety, and sustainability. Crystal Clean supports every aspect of facility maintenance with expert parts cleaning, used oil, wastewater vacuum, and waste disposal services that ensure cleaner, more sustainable operations.
By focusing on service dependability and environmental responsibility, we’ve built long-standing partnerships that reflect our core values: safety, honesty, accountability, respect, relationships, inclusivity, and excellence.
As customer needs grew more complex, Crystal Clean expanded beyond routine environmental management into large-scale, on-site Industrial Services operations. These services are carried out through our Patriot Environmental Services brand.
As part of the Crystal Clean family, Patriot delivers the power of experience and rapid response for industrial and field service needs. Our team of knowledgeable and experienced professionals leads the industry in responsiveness, whether providing routine maintenance or mobilizing during a national disaster, and has earned a highly respected reputation for reliability and results. This commitment to excellence ensures that every project is completed safely, efficiently, and with the highest level of professionalism.
Through Patriot, we’ve built lasting partnerships with organizations that depend on reliability and rapid response. Serving a wide range of industries, our continued growth reflects Crystal Clean’s commitment to innovation, adaptability, and the expertise to meet every environmental challenge with confidence.
At the heart of Crystal Clean’s growth is a deep commitment to sustainability and a circular approach to resource management. Our Waste Treatment division provides sustainable methods for managing and disposing of waste, finding opportunities to recover or repurpose materials whenever possible to reduce environmental impact.
Through advanced technologies and state-of-the-art facilities, Crystal Clean reclaims used oil, treats wastewater, recycles antifreeze, and manages complex waste streams responsibly. Our processes support a circular approach to resource use by recovering usable products, promoting efficiency, and helping customers meet their environmental goals.
Every gallon re-refined, every liter treated, and every waste stream managed is part of our ongoing vision to protect the earth’s resources by helping the business world run cleaner.
Built to Grow. Designed to Last. Committed to Our Customers.
What began as a small operation has grown into a nationwide network built on service excellence, with Crystal Clean constantly evolving to meet the needs of both businesses and the environment.
Crystal Clean’s three pillars of Environmental Services, Industrial Services, and Waste Treatment Solutions function as one unified system. This cohesive approach enables us to deliver comprehensive environmental management, protect valuable resources, and drive sustainable growth for every customer we serve.
As we look ahead, one thing remains unchanged: Crystal Clean’s dedication to providing smarter, safer, and more sustainable solutions that keep North America’s industries moving forward.
Environmental remediation is the process of cleaning up pollution in areas like soil, groundwater, sediment, or even the air. The goal is to remove harmful substances and make these places safer and healthier for people, animals, and the environment. Pollution can come from industrial operations, accidental spills, or old waste left behind at inactive sites. No matter the cause, cleaning it up is important for public safety and environmental health.
Types of Environmental Remediation
There are different ways to handle contamination, depending on where the pollution is found. You might need one approach for contaminated soil, another for polluted groundwater, and something else entirely for sediment at the bottom of rivers or lakes. That’s why environmental remediation isn’t a one-size-fits-all process.
Crystal Clean’s Field Services team is trained and equipped to handle all of these scenarios. We make sure every job is done safely and in line with local, state, and federal rules.
Soil Remediation
Soil remediation deals with cleaning up polluted dirt. Contamination can happen from spills, leaks, bad disposal practices, or years of industrial activity. Pollutants like fuel, oils, heavy metals, and chemicals can make the land unsafe for people and wildlife. If not removed, they can also seep into groundwater.
Crystal Clean begins by testing the soil to see what types of contaminants are present and how much there is. We manage everything from sampling and digging to transportation and disposal. Depending on what’s needed, we may work with environmental partners to apply special treatments directly on-site or at a facility. Our goal is to make the land safe again so it can be used without risk.
Groundwater Remediation
Groundwater is the water that moves beneath the earth’s surface and often supplies wells or community water systems. If this water becomes contaminated, it can pose a serious risk to public health. Common pollutants include industrial solvents, fuels, and metals that slowly move down through the soil.
Crystal Clean works with environmental engineers and groundwater experts to identify and treat these problems. We use methods like pump and treat systems that remove the water for cleanup or in-place treatments that break down pollutants underground. We take care of everything from mapping where the contamination is to providing the necessary reports for regulatory compliance. The focus is on stopping the pollution from spreading and restoring clean water.
Sediment Remediation
Sediment remediation focuses on cleaning up contaminated materials that have settled at the bottom of rivers, lakes, harbors, or wetlands. Over time, pollutants from industrial runoff or past waste practices can build up in these areas. If left alone, they can spread into the water and harm fish, wildlife, and nearby communities.
Crystal Clean assesses the area and works with partners who specialize in dredging and environmental cleanup. We may remove the sediment, cover it to contain the contamination, or monitor it over time depending on the situation. The aim is always to protect the ecosystem while making the process as smooth and effective as possible.
How We Get the Job Done
Different problems require different tools. At Crystal Clean, we use a variety of cleanup methods based on the site conditions and type of contamination. Here are our two most commonly used techniques.
Excavation Services
Excavation is one of the most straightforward ways to remove contamination from the ground. It involves physically digging up the polluted soil and hauling it off-site for treatment or disposal. Crystal Clean starts by testing the soil and identifying how deep the contamination goes. Once that’s clear, we carefully excavate the area to remove the polluted material.
The soil is then taken to a licensed treatment or disposal facility. In many cases, we can send the material to be recycled or used in waste-to-energy programs. From planning to execution, we handle the process safely and responsibly so your site stays on track and in compliance.
Bioremediation Services
Bioremediation is a method that uses living microorganisms like bacteria to break down pollutants in soil or water. It works especially well for petroleum-based contaminants, solvents, and other organic chemicals.
Crystal Clean prepares the site and introduces or enhances microbial activity to speed up the cleanup. We may add nutrients or oxygen to help the bacteria grow and do their job. This method is great for locations where digging isn’t ideal and is often more cost-effective than traditional removal options. It’s also environmentally friendly and a good fit for long-term solutions.
Why Crystal Clean Is the Right Partner
Having a trusted partner for environmental cleanup makes all the difference. Crystal Clean’s Field Services team has years of experience handling everything from emergency spill response to long-term site restoration. We take care of every part of the project so you don’t have to juggle multiple vendors or worry about compliance issues.
Our team serves clients across the country and follows all applicable regulations. We focus on delivering results that meet your goals while protecting your business and the environment.
With Crystal Clean on your side, you get a team that’s ready to handle the hard work so you can stay focused on your operation.
2000 Center Drive Suite East C300
Hoffman Estates, IL 60192
Toll Free 1-877-938-7948 Fax 1-847-836-5677
New Online Payment Portal
Crystal Clean has moved to a new online payment portal called Versapay. The new platform gives you benefits such as:
One-click access to invoices and supporting documents
Email notifications to alert you when a new invoice is available
Online communication with us if you have any invoice questions
24/7 access to your account anytime, anywhere
Please click the button below to access the portal and set up your account. You will need to create a new account even if you have used our previous online payment system.
